Expansion and impact of cassava brown streak and cassava mosaic diseases in Africa: A review

Africa produces over half of global cassava; however, the continent's average yield is below potential yields achieved under experimental conditions. Many factors contributing to low include lack quality varieties, poor soils, limited access capital, competition for labor, as well pests and diseases. Plant diseases are major biotic constraints cassava production have caused considerable food insecurity in Africa. Although there has been some level disease management which contributed increase production, two viral diseases: mosaic (CMD) brown streak (CBSD) still claim between 30–40% upto 70%, respectively Africa's harvest. Given importance Africa, we review expansion CBSD CMD; impacts on security how they can be managed. We provide insights spread diseases, efforts, future directions.